WEEK 2

                                                            Philosophy definition

-Derived from ancient Greek (philosophia) which means 'the word of wisdom'.

-An attempt to think truly about human experience or to make out whole experience intelligible.


Philosophy Fundamental
i. Metaphysics- what is real? (beyond nature)
ii. Epistemology - what is truth? (science of knowledge)
iii. Axiology - what is of value?(science of value)


Philosophy of Education

• What is education?
• What is the purpose of education?
• What does it mean to know something?
• What is the relationship between education and society?

                                                                   
                                                                         Major Philosophies
1. Realism
-Famous realists : Francis Bacon & John Locke
-Doctrine that objective reality or the material universe exists independently of the conscious mind, its nature and properties are being affected by being known.
-Realists firmly believe that knowledge acquired through senses is real in nature and and the only love entity in this world.
-Education should proceed from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract.
-Emphasis on critical reasoning through observation.
-Humanistic and scientific disciplines.


2. Idealism 
-Famous idealist : Socrates and Plato.
-System of thought that emphasizes the importance of mind, soul or spirit.
-It deals with basic questions of human life.
-Great and enduring ideas.

3. Existentialism
-Creating a self concept through significant choices.
-Places emphasis on individual existence, freedom and choice.
-Sees the world as a personal subjectivity, where goodness, truth and reality are individually defined.
-In arts, existentialism encourages individual creativity and imagination more than copying and imitating established models. Creativity is an expression of oneself.


4. Experimentalism
-Believes that things are consistently changing.
-Friendly with educational research and many ideas come from it.


5. Perennialism
-Relies on the past.
-The oldest and conservative educational philosophy, is rooted in realism.
-Universal knowledge and cherished the values of society.
-A view of the unchanging nature of the universe, human nature, truth, knowledge, virtue, beauty and so on.


6. Pragmatism
-Philosophers : John Dewey, William James & Charles S. Peirce.
-It gives a clear cut concept of education based upon a close relationship between theory and practice of education.
-Education as a social necessity and a continuous process.