WEEK 11

                                                4 MYTHS ABOUT EDUCATION

1. The right curriculum and curriculum design
2. Well-designed curricula can supply all the knowledge needed to manage society and the Earth
3. Increase human goodness
4. Primary purpose is to enable students to be upwardly mobile and economically successful

There are multiple intelligence that best explained on why every single individuals have different learning methods:

Hopefully after you have watched the video above, you would be able to identify your learning styles. It is essential for you to identify one in order to improve your performance and able to manage distractions effectively. Each and everyone of us is unique as we are gifted with various different intelligence. The illustrations and effectiveness of the video would enhance your understanding on why you have been doing the wrong methods of studying in the past as it could explain each and every categories of learners.

WEEK 10

Stakeholders : Individuals or institutions that are interested in the school curriculum

1. Learners : center of curriculum
-primary stakeholders

2. Teachers : curriculum developers and implementers
-curriculum maker

3. Curriculum managers & administrators
-supervise, select, and recruit, admit, procure

4. Parents as the supporters in the curriculum
-effective parental involvement in school affairs
-involvements extend from confine of the school to the home

5. Community members as community resources
-substitute for what is needed to implement the curriculum

6. Other stakeholders in curriculum implementation
-professional organizations : Sarawak Teachers Union (STU)
-government

                                                       

                                                           INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

• Media technology
• Learning Technology
• Other Technology

Throughout the previous learning session, I had discovered that there are others learning aids such as Prezi, Storybird and Pixton. The software applications are being use to make learning easier because the illustrations and designs are much interesting than of Microsoft Power Point.

Last but not least, I would like to state on my general knowledge obtained during the lecture session.
Here are the two terms most people been use in a wrong way :

i. Evolution : slowly changes
ii. Revolution : fast changes

WEEK 9

THEORY

• An ideas or set of ideas that is intended to explain facts or events.
• A specific claim or argument that leads to empirical predictions.

Functions of theory

• Description
• Prediction
• Explanation
• Guidance

                                                                  THEORY BUILDING

1. Induction
2. Deduction

WEEK 8

                                                  CURRICULUM WORKERS

• curriculum supervisor
• curriculum leader
• curriculum coordinator
• curriculum specialist

                                           TEACHERS AS CURRICULUM WORKER

1. Planning
2. Creation
3. Implementation
4. Reflection

WEEK 7

      Two Broad Contrasting categories of curriculum approaches

• Technical-Scientific
• Non-Technical/Non-scientific

                                          
                                            TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES

1. Behavioral-rational approach
-the oldest and still preferred by many educators
-defines the objective (why), content(what), method(how), sequence(when), and scope(how much) ( Taba & Tyler Models, 1969)

2. System-managerial approach
-considers the major interconnected of inputs, process and outputs that comprise the educational system
-viewed a the major system and the other processes related to it such as supervision (motivation, leadership styles, communication and decision-making).


3. Intellectual-academic approach
-identifies 3 fundamental factors : the learner, the society and the organized subject matter
-emphasize the importance of cognitive theories and principles in curriculum planning


4. Humanistic approach
-reflects an existentialist orientation
-the purpose of education is to emancipate society from traditional, outmoded orders through individual free choice

WEEK 6

                                                  DOMAINS OF CURRICULUM

1. Cognitive (Benjamin Bloom) ; includes all intellectual behaviors and require thinking

2. Affective (David Krathwohl) : deals with expression of feelings and acceptance of attitudes, opinions or values.

3. Psychomotor (Anita Harrow) : involves acquiring skills that require integration of mental and muscular activity

                                                                    9 Curriculum domains

1. curriculum philosophy
2. curriculum theory
3. curriculum research
4. curriculum history
5. curriculum development
6. curriculum design
7. curriculum evaluation
8. curriculum policy
9. curriculum as a field of study



                                             5 Principles of curriculum development

Principle 1
-The essence of curriculum design the need for a conceptual framework

Principle 2
-Conceptualizing attitudes and beliefs about learning

Principle 3
-An epistemological rationale

Principle 4
-The curriculum development/planning process

Principle 5
-The political realities of curriculum development

WEEK 5

                            DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EDUCATION AND SCHOOLING

Education

• broad
• take place anywhere, anytime, anyplace
• lack of formalization
• no assessment process
• non-official
• lack of system
• no need to certified person

Schooling

• particular location
• limited definition
• formalized
• official
• systemic
• compulsory period for attendance
• certified person

                                           
                                             SIX PERIODS IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1. Infancy and early childhood
2. Middle childhood
3. Adolescence
4. Early adulthood
5. Middle age
6. Late maturity

WEEK 4

Psychology : the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.


                                                           Major Theories of Learning

• Behaviorism - stimulus and responses
• Cognitivism - mental operation
• Humanistic psychology - whole child (social psychology and cognitive development)\

WEEK 3

                                                              Types of colonial schools
1. Town schools
-founded in 1913.
-an independent, non-secretarian, coeducational elementary school located at 540 East 76th street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City.

2. Parocial schools
-a private primary or secondary school affiliated with a religious organizations, and whose curriculum includes general religious education in addition to secular subjects, such as science, mathematics, and language arts.
-in addition run by Christian organizations, there are alse Jewish (Hebrew), Muslim and other schools.

3. Private schools
-known as independent schools, non-governmental, or non-state schools are not administered by local, state or national governments.

4. Latin grammar schools
-grammar school of 14th to 19th-century Europe, though the latter term was as much more common in England was placed, as the name indicates, on learning the use of Latin.
-the education given gave great emphasis to the complicated grammar of the Latin language, initially in its Medieval Latin form.

5. Academies
-state funded schools in England which are directly funded by the Department of Education and independent of local authority control.
-terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements.

6. Colleges
-an educational institution or a constituent part one.
-may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, or an institution offering vocational education.

WEEK 2

                                                            Philosophy definition

-Derived from ancient Greek (philosophia) which means 'the word of wisdom'.

-An attempt to think truly about human experience or to make out whole experience intelligible.


Philosophy Fundamental
i. Metaphysics- what is real? (beyond nature)
ii. Epistemology - what is truth? (science of knowledge)
iii. Axiology - what is of value?(science of value)


Philosophy of Education

• What is education?
• What is the purpose of education?
• What does it mean to know something?
• What is the relationship between education and society?

                                                                   
                                                                         Major Philosophies
1. Realism
-Famous realists : Francis Bacon & John Locke
-Doctrine that objective reality or the material universe exists independently of the conscious mind, its nature and properties are being affected by being known.
-Realists firmly believe that knowledge acquired through senses is real in nature and and the only love entity in this world.
-Education should proceed from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract.
-Emphasis on critical reasoning through observation.
-Humanistic and scientific disciplines.


2. Idealism 
-Famous idealist : Socrates and Plato.
-System of thought that emphasizes the importance of mind, soul or spirit.
-It deals with basic questions of human life.
-Great and enduring ideas.

3. Existentialism
-Creating a self concept through significant choices.
-Places emphasis on individual existence, freedom and choice.
-Sees the world as a personal subjectivity, where goodness, truth and reality are individually defined.
-In arts, existentialism encourages individual creativity and imagination more than copying and imitating established models. Creativity is an expression of oneself.


4. Experimentalism
-Believes that things are consistently changing.
-Friendly with educational research and many ideas come from it.


5. Perennialism
-Relies on the past.
-The oldest and conservative educational philosophy, is rooted in realism.
-Universal knowledge and cherished the values of society.
-A view of the unchanging nature of the universe, human nature, truth, knowledge, virtue, beauty and so on.


6. Pragmatism
-Philosophers : John Dewey, William James & Charles S. Peirce.
-It gives a clear cut concept of education based upon a close relationship between theory and practice of education.
-Education as a social necessity and a continuous process.

WEEK 1

                                                             Curriculum Definition

The planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences under the auspices of the school for the learners' continuous and willful growth in personal social competence. ( Daniel Tanner, 1980)

There are 5 basic definition of curriculum :

1. A plan for achieving goals

-Involves sequence and steps.

-Providing sets of opportunities to educate people.

2. Dealing with the learners' experiences

-Children's ongoing experiences under teachers' guidance

3. A system for dealing with people

-Linear/non linear system

-Linear : plots out the means to a desired end

-Non linear : specialist can enter at any point of learning

4.A field of study with it own foundations, knowledge domains, research, theory, principles, and specialists.

-Discuss curriculum in theoretical form not practical form

-Concern with broad historical, philosophical or social issues.

5. Subject matter. ( math, science, English, history, etc.

-Emphasize in concepts, facts of particular subject areas.

                                                                     

                                                                 Importance of curriculum

• Achievement of educational aims
• Criteria of suitable teachers
• Selection of suitable methods
• Reflects trends in education
• Providing wholesome influences
• Provide suitable knowledge

                                                                     Types of curriculum

1. Recommended

-proposed by scholars and professional organizations

2. Written

-appears in school, district, division or country documents

3. Taught

-what teachers implement or deliver in the classrooms and schools

4. Supported

-resources : textbooks, computers, AV materials with supports, and help in the implementation of curriculum

5. Null

-messages that are silenced, or just simply not included 

-subject matters that is not taught at all although they appear to be important

6. Hidden

-implicit, invisible and unwritten messages

7. Learned 

-what the students actually learn and what is measured

Hey my name is Felicia Anak Dahen. I was born and raised in Kuching, Sarawak which is known as the 'Cat City'. I just turned 21 recently and I'm the eldest among my siblings. My parents are both of Land Dayak ethnicity which is one of the native Sarawakians. My family is of Roman Catholic, Christian. I have 2 younger brothers which are of 15 and 17 years old. My family is of medium income but yet our parents have educate and provide our basic necessity in order to provide us comfortable living and essential tertiary education.
As a Sarawakian, I prefer to eat various kind of food as in savory and spicy food. Apart from that, I am open to new cuisines of various culture such as Japanese, Korean, Indian and Western because I am a food lover. Food is a great platform to get to know foreign cultures as it is interesting and worth trying and act as a tool to unite the whole nations.
Moreover, I would like to proceed with the reasons on why I pursued the tertiary education in Unitar International University. The first reason is that the regional center is located in my hometown. I am not having the difficulty to go to college during specific lecture days as it is just 25 km away from my residential area.
Last but not least, I would like to state my few goals upon achieving the better future of tomorrow. The first one is that I would like to fulfill myself with various knowledge throughout my life as I prefer the idea of continuous learning style. Being an educator is the right choice as I found continuous learning lifestyle is the greatest way on improving myself. It could be best explain by as a teacher, we are having huge opportunities to communicate along with the people of various backgrounds and cultures. The communication skills during the interactions engage us in new environment as we get to learn new things every single day. Besides, I would like to improve our standard of living by pursuing tertiary education as the level would get an individual being civilized towards each other. I would like to make new changes and contribute to the local community as it is fun to educate future generations towards the better path.